Strikes and startles of northern pike (Esox lucius): a comparison of muscle activity and kinematics between S-start behaviors

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Strikes and startles of northern pike (Esox lucius): a comparison of muscle activity and kinematics between S-start behaviors.

S-starts are a major class of fast-start behaviors that serve diverse locomotor functions in fishes, playing roles in both feeding strike and escape startle events. While movement patterns are similar during strike and startle, their motor control mechanisms have not been compared. To investigate heterogeneity in S-start responses and to test the hypothesis that S-starts are generated by the sa...

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Mercury Concentration in Muscle and Liver of Pike (Esox lucius) Collected from Anzali International Wetland, Iran

Background: Mercury (Hg) is a major environmental contaminant due to its global ubiquity, tendency to bioaccumulate, and toxicity in wildlife. Mercury accumulation in wetlands threatens critical breeding and foraging habitats of many fish and wildlife species. In this study, mercury concentrations were detected in different tissues of pike. Methods: To achieve these purposes, 58 pikes (Esox l...

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Mitochondrial DNA variation in wild and hatchery populations of northern pike, Esox lucius L.

Esox lucius is an economically important freshwater species. Mitochondrial cytb, 12SrRNA, and 16SrRNA gene sequences were used in order to clarify the genetic variation and population structure in three E. Lucius populations, i.e., one Wild population (W) and two hatchery populations (Hatchery Population I-HPI and Hatchery Population II-HPII). A total of 55 individuals, with 19 from wild and 1...

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Anatomical, histological and histomorphometric study of the intestine of the northern pike (Esox lucius)

Background: The northern pike Esox lucius is a fresh water species belonging to the Esocidae family. It is a carnivorous fish which mostly feeds on invertebrates and fishes. The morphology of its intestine is very useful for understanding the fish’s digestive physiology, diagnosing some intestinal diseases and formulating suitable feeds. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to determine the anat...

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a comparison of linguistic and pragmatic knowledge: a case of iranian learners of english

در این تحقیق دانش زبانشناسی و کاربردشناسی زبان آموزان ایرانی در سطح بالای متوسط مقایسه شد. 50 دانش آموز با سابقه آموزشی مشابه از شش آموزشگاه زبان مختلف در دو آزمون دانش زبانشناسی و آزمون دانش گفتار شناسی زبان انگلیسی شرکت کردند که سوالات هر دو تست توسط محقق تهیه شده بود. همچنین در این تحقیق کارایی کتابهای آموزشی زبان در فراهم آوردن درون داد کافی برای زبان آموزان ایرانی به عنوان هدف جانبی تحقیق ...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Experimental Biology

سال: 2004

ISSN: 1477-9145,0022-0949

DOI: 10.1242/jeb.00789